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Salaam all,9:36
إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِندَ اللّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِي كِتَابِ اللّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَات وَالأَرْضَ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ ذَلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ فَلاَ تَظْلِمُواْ فِيهِنَّ أَنفُسَكُمْ وَقَاتِلُواْ الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَآفَّةً كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَآفَّةً وَاعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ
Inna AAiddata alshshuhoori AAinda Allahi ithna AAashara shahran fee kitabi Allahi yawma khalaqa alssamawati waalarda minha arbaAAatun hurumun thalika alddeenu alqayyimu fala tathlimoo feehinna anfusakum waqatiloo almushrikeena kaffatan kama yuqatiloonakum kaffatan waiAAlamoo anna Allaha maAAa almuttaqeena
Indeed the count of the months at Allah’s is twelve in Allah’s book the day He created the heavens and earth. Of them are four inviolable. This is the upright religion/ accountability therefore do not transgress against yourselves in them. And fight against the polytheists collectively as they fight against you collectively and be aware that Allah is on the side of the ones who act mindfully.
The Aya has many messages in it and the first one is that the year is made of twelve months of which are four that are inviolable and they are mostly the three months of the pilgrimage plus one. The Aya reminds us that transgressing against ourselves is not a good thing especially during those months that may have particular rules and regulations especially if performing Hajj/ pilgrimage.
The Aya ends up with asking to fight the polytheists collectively which is understood that when muslims fight they should fight in a group, united and as a collective rather than as individuals doing it alone, just as their enemies aim to do the same. Then the last sentence is a reminder that Allah is always on the side of those who are mindful in their actions especially of Allah.
Inna: indeed/ actually
AAiddata: count of
Note: the root is Ain-D-D and it means counting. Conceptually, it takes the meaning of counting in addition to preparing what is needed because this includes counting. AAiDDATA means the count of.
Alshshuhoori: the months
Note: the root is SH-H-R and it means the appearing moon. The concrete means known or apparent because it appears as clearly as the moon. It is also used to mean month, because the month corresponds with the appearing moon, it starts with the moon when it appears and the new month comes with the reappearance of the new moon.. ALSHHUHOORI means the months
AAinda: at
Allahi: Allah’s
ithna AAashara: twelve
shahran: month
Note: the root is SH-H-R and it means the appearing moon. The concrete means known or apparent because it appears as clearly as the moon. It is also used to mean month, because the month corresponds with the appearing moon, it starts with the moon when it appears and the new month comes with the reappearance of the new moon.. SHAHRAN means month
Fee: in
Kitabi: book of/ document of
Note: the root K-T-B and it means putting things together as in grouping the herd together or closing the lips or writing (the most common use), because in writing, one puts the letters and the ideas together. ALKITABA means, the process of writing or the book or anything related to it from the ideas to the ink and paper to the place where all is put together. KITABI means book of/ document of
Yawma: day of/ day when
Note: YAWMA is derived from the root Y-W-M and it means day. YAWMA means day of or day when.
Khalaqa: He created
Note: the root is KH-L-Qaf and it means creating and creation. The word has many little other meanings that revolve around that theme, in concrete, it means the smoothened rock that was shaped that way, so it has the cutting and shaping and making things as part of the meaning as well as creating out of nothing as well. KHALAQA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of creating or shaping happened by the subject (third person singular).
Alssamawati: the aboves / the heavens/ the beyond the earth
Note: the root is S-M-W and it means rising. This word is used to mean many things that are related to that meaning. One of the meanings is name because when a person’s name is called, he or she would rise and respond. ALSSAMAWATI are the aboves or what are above, that is the skies or the heavens or any entity from the atmosphere to beyond that.
waalarda: and the earth
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. ALARDA is derived from the root Hamza-R-Dhad and it means earth or land. ALARDA is the earth/ the land.
Minha: of them
arbaAAatun: four
hurumun: forbidden to violate
Note: the root is Ha-R-M and it means “forbidding and forbidden to violate”. HARRAMA is an action that is completed. HURUM means the forbidden to violate or harm and so on.
alddeenu: the law/ the religion/ the accountability
Note: the root is D-Y-N and it means debt or law or religion. What groups them together is the concept of obligation and accountability, since religion is the obligation of man towards God. DEENAN is obligation or religion, with religion being the obligation of man towards God.
Alqayyimu: the upright
Note: the root is Qaf-W-M and it means standing upright or standing. The upright can be in all planes of position and for a horizontal dimension it means straight. ALQAYYIMU means the upright/ the correct.
Fala: then not
Tathlimoo: transgress against/ be unjust
Note: the root is THA-L-M and it means darkness in the most concrete form. This word also takes the meaning of misplacing right from wrong and transgression or injustice since injustice is displacing right from wrong and a decision made in darkness. TATHLIMOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means the action of misplacing/ transgressing or acting unjustly is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural)
Feehinna: in them
Anfusakum: yourselves/ each other
Note: ANFUSAKUM is derived from the root N-F-S and it means to breath but is extended to mean self since the self-breathes and that defines her existence. ANFUSA is a noun that is derived from this root and it means Selves of. KUM means plural you.
Waqatiloo: and fight
Note: WA here is for initiation of a sentence. QATILOO is derived from the root Qaf-T-L and it means killing or actions that potentially can lead to death including injury and others. QATILOO is an order addressed to a group. It means fight.
Note: the root SH-R-K and it means partner or partnership and with this partnership is a measure of equality or being on par. ALMUSHRIKEENA are the ones who make partners to God in worship or in action and that includes the polytheists.
Kaffatan: collectively/ in a group
Note: the root is K-F-F and it means the palm of the hand. KAFFATAN would then mean what you hold in the palm of the hand as you close it. This, in abstract, then means collectively together as the things that are grouped together in the palm.
Kama: as/ like
Yuqatiloonakum: they fight you (plural)
Note: the root is Qaf-T-L and it means killing or actions that potentially can lead to death including injury and others. YAQTULOONA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of killing or fatally injuring the object (KUM= plural you) happened by the subject (third person plural).
Kaffatan: collectively/ in a group
Note: the root is K-F-F and it means the palm of the hand. KAFFATAN would then mean what you hold in the palm of the hand as you close it. This, in abstract, then means collectively together as the things that are grouped together in the palm.
waiAAlamoo: and know (plural)/ know for fact/ Be aware
Note: WA here is to resume a sentence. iAALAMOO is derived from the root Ain-L-M and it means knowing/knowledge or knowledge of facts. iAALAMOO is an order or a request addressed to a group. It means: know or know for fact.
Anna: that
Allaha: Allah
maAAa: with/ on the side of
almuttaqeena: the ones who make themselves conscious/ guard/ the mindful.
Note: the root W-Qaf-Y and it means guard and protect. Since the best way to guard is through consciousness, then I am using consciousness as a meaning here. ALMUTTAQEENA are the ones who make themselves conscious or the ones who make themselves guard.
Hussein
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