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Salaam all,This is
9:43
عَفَا اللّهُ عَنكَ لِمَ أَذِنتَ لَهُمْ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُواْ وَتَعْلَمَ الْكَاذِبِينَ
AAafa Allahu AAanka lima athinta lahum hatta yatabayyana laka allatheena sadaqoo wataAAlama alkathibeena
Allah pardoned you (O Muhammad) why you gave them permission before it became clear to you those who are truthful and know for fact the untruthful.
The Aya contains a gentle reprimand for allowing permission to not join that battle before knowing the truthful from the untruthful. It is a gentle reprimand because it starts with the pardoning that it is a done deal but a reminder for the future.
AAafa: Pardoned/ He pardoned
Note: the root is root Ain-F-W and it means erasing footprint through the effect of the wind. This is the concrete and in abstract it means erasing a fault from the record as in forgiving it or erasing something from one’s ownership as in giving it up to someone else or just dealing with something as if it does not exist anymore or did never exist. It also is used in concrete to mean abundance and plentifulness and what is easy to give of money or good manners. The relationship between the two meanings is if you have an abundance of something then you may not feel a particular loss just as the footprint is lost through the abundance of sand. In this context, it points to prosperity that made them not pay attention to the past. AAaFA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of pardoning happened by the subject (third person singular pointing to Allah)
Allahu: Allah
AAanka: from you (singular)
Lima: for what/ why
Athinta: you (singular) permitted / allowed
Note: the root is Hamza-TH-N and it means ear in concrete. It also means hearing, knowing and approving at the same time and may be extended to acting according to that knowledge. ATHINTA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of permitting or allowing happened by the subject (second person singular)
Hatta: until/ before
Yatabayyana: becomes clear/ clarify themselves/ reveal themselves
Note: the root is B-Y-N and it means in concrete between. The action of the verb is betweening. This betweening can mean clarifying because one can know better the difference between two things. It also can mean distancing because the betweening makes things become apart. YATABAYYANA is an action that is being compelted or will be completed. It means: the action of becoming clear or self-evident happened or revealing itself to the subject (third person plural pointing to Allatheena Sadaqoo= those who were truthful).
Laka: to you
Allatheena: those who
Sadaqoo: were truthful
Note: the root is Sad-D-Qaf and it means truth in word or deed as a concept. When it is in deed, it takes the shape of any act of truthfulness including charity, in a sense the deed proves the truthfulness of the heart and the word. SADAQOO is an action that is completed. It means the action of being truthful happened by the subject (third person plural)
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. TaAALAMA is derived from the root root Ain-L-M and it means knowing/knowledge or knowledge of facts. TaAALAMA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of knowing is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person singular).
Alkathibeena: the untruthful ones/ the liers
Note: ALKATHIBEEN is derived from the root K-TH-B and it means a untrue. Conceptually, it can be extended at times to mean a lie, although the core of the meaning is untruth, whether it is a lie or not, conscious or not. KATHIBEEN means untruthful or lying.
Hussein
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