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Salaam all,8:72
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ وَهَاجَرُواْ وَجَاهَدُواْ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّهِ وَالَّذِينَ آوَواْ وَّنَصَرُواْ أُوْلَـئِكَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاء بَعْضٍ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ وَلَمْ يُهَاجِرُواْ مَا لَكُم مِّن وَلاَيَتِهِم مِّن شَيْءٍ حَتَّى يُهَاجِرُواْ وَإِنِ اسْتَنصَرُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ فَعَلَيْكُمُ النَّصْرُ إِلاَّ عَلَى قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُم مِّيثَاقٌ وَاللّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ
Inna allatheena amanoo wahajaroo wajahadoo biamwalihim waanfusihim fee sabeeli Allahi waallatheena awaw wanasaroo olaika baAAduhum awliyao baAAdin waallatheena Amanoo walam yuhajiroo ma lakum min walayatihim min shayin hatta yuhajiroo waini istansarookum fee alddeeni faAAalaykumu alnnasru illa AAala qawmin baynakum wabaynahum meethaqun waAllahu bima taAAmaloona baseerun
Indeed those who attained faith and migrated and exerted effort opposite adversity by their money and their own selves in Allah’s path and the ones who gave shelter and support, some of them are guardians of some. While those who attained faith but did not migrate you (plural) have no guardianship over them until they migrate, but if they seek your support in the religion then you have to help them except against a group with whom you have an oath. And Allah in what you do very seeing.
This Aya seems to give a very important ruling that applied to the muslim communities in the muslim state of Medina vs those who were living outside of it. The ruling is that the guardianship is applicable only to the muslims living within the boundaries of the state and that the Muslims of Medina are to leave the muslims outside of it or not under it’s jurisdiction autonomy in their affairs. This is what happened then when the bonds between the Muslims who migrated and the ones who received them because very strong as to include even inheriting each other for a while as a sign of the strength of the bond of Guardianship between each other and as a sign of communal unity.
This is a ruling that continued to apply to the Muslims over the centuries that Muslims not living within the boundaries of the Caliphate were autonomous and not subject to rules and regulations of the Caliphate. However, if they needed and asked for help whether in terms of religious rulings or support against religious oppression then the Muslim state should support them unless there is an oath with the state that those muslims are living under.
This message is very relevant to Muslims and non Muslims of today and that Muslims should not have divided allegiances wherever they live. And if they live under a non Muslim state, which is the case in the majority of the world, then they should not receive their instructions from any state that claims to be Islamic and if that state is actually authentic, then it should not interfere in their lives in any way possible unless to protect them in case they were threatened.
Inna: indeed
Allatheena: those who
Amanoo: made themselves safe/ caused safety/ caused trust
Note: the root is Hamza-M-N and it means safe or safety. AMANOO is an action that is derived from the root and that is completed. It means: the action of making the object (not mentioned and therefore the subject and the object can be the same entity here) become safe happened by the subject (third person plural). So, it ends up meaning: they made themselves safe but it can also extend to making safety and trust situation for others as well.
Wahajaroo: and migrated/ left behind/ abandoned (their old place and people).
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. HAJAROO is derived from the root H-J-R and it means leaving or abandoning someone or something or some place and so forth. HAJAROO is an interactive action that is completed. It means: the action of leaving behind an undeclared object (the context suggests the place and people they were with) happened in an interactive fashion by the subject (third person plural).
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. . JAHADOO is derived from the root J-H-D and it means exerting effort. JAHADOO is the third person plural past tense of a verb that is derived from the root. This is an interactive verb and it means they exert effort opposite resistance. This is a wide meaning and one of them may include fighting. However the resistance can come in all forms including psychological and personal.
Biamwalihim: by their money/ by their belongings
Note: BI signifies an attachment or close linkage between what is before and what is after it. In a Verbal sentence it can mean attachment to the action or to the subject as it does the action. This attachment can then signify many things according to the verb and to the sentence and so on. AMWAL is derived from the root M-W-L and it means what a person owns of gold and silver. This is used to mean anything owned or just money. AMWALI means moneys of. KUM means plural you.
waanfusihim: and their selves
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. ANFUSI is derived from the root N-F-S and it means to breath but is extended to mean self since the self breathes and that defines her existance. ANFUSI is a noun that is derived from this root and it means Selves of. HIM means them.
Fee: in/ on
Sabeeli: path of
Note: the root is S-B-L and it means and it means flowing water from the falling rain from the sky to the flowing water in the river and so forth. This is the concrete and the other uses are related as in path, which allows the flow, to soft flowing hair and so forth. SABEELI is the flowing water or the path of. It takes the meaning of path or even the trip on the path.
Allahi: Allah
Waallatheena: and those
Awaw: gave shelter/ gave refuge
Note: AWAW is derived from the root Hamza-W-Y and it means resorting or taking resort or refuge in a place or the place and time where one ultimately ends. It also could mean homing or taking refuge. AWAW is an action that is completed. It means: the action of providing a refuge or shelter to the object (not mentioned) happened by the subject (third person plural)
Wanasaroo: and they supported/ helped
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. NASAROO is derived from the root N-Sad-R and it means aid or support or backing whether in need or not but that is decisive in nature and can be the one that leads to a decisive victory and so on. NASAROO is an action that is completed. It means: the action of supporting the object (not mentioned but points to Allah, the faithful and the message) happened by the subject (third person plural)
Olaika: those
baAAduhum: some of them
Note: the root is B-Ain-Dhad and it means part of the whole. BaAADU means part of or some of. HUM means them
awliyao: guardians of/ protégés of/ guardians and protégés of/ directors/ their allies
Note: the root is W-L-Y and it means direction or following direction with some guarantee. It comes close to guardianship. AWLIYAO is either the one who is a guardian or the one who receives guardianship of another or both. In this context, guardian and protégé or director apply. Therefore I used both.
baAAdin: some
Note: the root is B-Ain-Dhad and it means part of the whole. BaAADIN means part or some.
Amanoo: made themselves safe/ caused safety/ caused trust
Note: the root is Hamza-M-N and it means safe or safety. AMANOO is an action that is derived from the root and that is completed. It means: the action of making the object (not mentioned and therefore the subject and the object can be the same entity here) become safe happened by the subject (third person plural). So, it ends up meaning: they made themselves safe but it can also extend to making safety and trust situation for others as well.
Walam: but not/ and not
Yuhajiroo: migrate/ leave behind/ abandon
Note: YUHAJIROO is derived from the root H-J-R and it means leaving or abandoning someone or something or some place and so forth. YUHAJIROO is an interactive action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of leaving behind an undeclared object (the context suggests the place and people they were with) is happening or will be happening in an interactive fashion by the subject (third person plural). Although the form of the verb is present tense it takes the meaning of did not happen because it was preceded by the negation.
ma lakum: you (plural) have none
min: of
walayatihim: their guardianship
Note: the root is W-L-Y and it means direction or following direction with some guarantee. It comes close to guardianship. WALAYATI means guardianship of. HIM means them.
Min: of
Shayin: a thing/ thing
Note: the root is SH-Y-Hamza and it means entity. SHAYIN means entity. It is taken here to mean a thing or entity
Hatta: until
Yuhajiroo: migrate/ leave behind/ abandon
Note: YUHAJIROO is derived from the root H-J-R and it means leaving or abandoning someone or something or some place and so forth. YUHAJIROO is an interactive action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of leaving behind an undeclared object (the context suggests the place and people they were with) is happening or will be happening in an interactive fashion by the subject (third person plural).
Waini: and if/ but if
Istansarookum: sought your help / aid
Note: ISTANSAROO is derived from the root N-Sad-R and it means aid or support or backing whether in need or not but that is decisive in nature and can be the one that leads to a decisive victory and so on. ISTANSAROO is an action that is completed. It means: the action of asking for support from the object (KUM= plural)) happened by the subject (third person plural)
alddeeni: the law/ the religion/ the accountability
Note: the root is D-Y-N and it means debt or law or religion. What groups them together is the concept of obligation and accountability, since religion is the obligation of man towards God. DEENAN is obligation or religion, with religion being the obligation of man towards God.
faAAalaykumu: then upon you (plural)
Alnnasru: the help/ the victory/ the helpful towards victory/ the decisive help/ support
Note: the root is N-Sad-R and it means aid or support or backing whether in need or not but that is decisive in nature and can be the one that leads to a decisive victory and so on. ALNNASRU means the aid or support or help that leads to victory.
Illa: except/ if not
AAala: upon/ against
Qawmin: a people
Note: QAWMIN is derived from the root Qaf-Y-M and it means standing or standing upright. QAWMIN are the people that stand together and that makes the group or people or nation, basically, any group of people that stand together or form a group.
Baynakum: between you (plural)
Wabaynahum: and them
Note: literally it means and between them but is used to mean between you and them
meethaqun: oath of/ assurance of/covenant of
Note: MEETHAQ is derived from the root W-TH-Qaf and it means in concrete terms, the secure tying of a knot or the pasture that has lots of grass and therefore is assured of providing enough nutrition. So, the other meanings of the term are assurance and security. MEETHAQUN is assurance of or trust and security or covenant.
waAllahu: and Allah
Bima: by what
Note: BI signifies an attachment or close linkage between what is before and what is after it. In a Verbal sentence it can mean attachment to the action or to the subject as it does the action. This attachment can then signify many things according to the verb and to the sentence and so on. In this sentence it signifies tools of why they were taken.
taAAmaloona: you (plural) do
Note: the root is Ain-M-L and it means doing or work. TaAAaMALOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of doing or making is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural). The combination of Kuntum TaAAMALOON gives the impression of this: you happened to be doing or you happened to do.
Baseerun: seeing/ all seeing/ very aware
Note: The root is B-Sad-R and it is the sense of the eye. It also has the meaning of seeing deeply. Seeing deeply means the concrete, but it can be applied to the deep vision of the brain, the insight. BASEERUN means seeing or all seeing
Hussein
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