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Salaam all,8:41
وَاعْلَمُواْ أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُم مِّن شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ إِن كُنتُمْ آمَنتُمْ بِاللّهِ وَمَا أَنزَلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا يَوْمَ الْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ وَاللّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
WaiAAlamoo annama ghanimtum min shayin faanna lillahi khumusahu walilrrasooli walithee alqurba waalyatama waalmasakeeni waibni alssabeeli in kuntum amantum biAllahi wama anzalna AAala AAabdina yawma alfurqani yawma iltaqa aljamAAani waAllahu AAala kulli shayin qadeerun
And be aware that whatever you acquired then to Allah belongs it’s fifth and to the messenger and the relatives and the orphans and the poor and the traveler if you happen to be trusting in Allah and what We sent down upon our servant, the day of the differentiation, the day when the two groups met (for battle). And Allah is upon everything capable.
The aya brings an important ruling and that is if there is war gains then a fifth should be taken apart for those categories and the rest for the fighters. One may ask about the relevance of what belongs to Allah and the messenger since the prophet is dead and Allah does not take it. The scholars of Islam understood it as that money will be left for the leaders of the community to divide it according to their best understanding of the scripture of where that money should be spent in light of the circumstance of the community and in addition to the other groups that were mentioned in the same aya.
Translation of the transliterated words:
waiAAlamoo: and know (plural)/ know for fact/ Be aware
Note: WA here is to resume a sentence. iAALAMOO is derived from the root Ain-L-M and it means knowing/knowledge or knowledge of facts. iAALAMOO is an order or a request addressed to a group. It means: know or know for fact.
Annama: that what
Ghanimtum: you (plural) gained/ acquired
Note: the root is GHAIN-N-M and it means sheep. Conceptually it is also used to point to success and gain and acquisition. GHANIMTUM is an action that is completed. It means: the action of gaining or acquiring happened by the subject (second person plural).
Min: of
Shayin: a thing/ thing
Note: the root is SH-Y-Hamza and it means entity. SHAYIN means entity. It is taken here to mean a thing or entity
Lillahi: to Allah belongs
Khumusahu: it’s fifth
Note: the root is KH-M-S and it means five. KHUMSU means one fifth of. HU means him and points to the spoils of way.
Walilrrasooli: and belongs to the messenger/ the envoy
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. LI means to and in here means belongs to. ALRRASOOLI is derived from the root R-S-L and it means to envoy someone or a group of people or animals. The concrete word is RASL and it means a group of people or animals that were sent by their owners or senders. RUSULUN means messengers of and is the plural of RASOOL who is the one that is sent and is used to mean the messenger because he was sent by the sender to the receiver. ALRRASOOL means the messenger or the envoy.
Walithee: and to those of
Alqurba: the relatives/ the nearness
Note: the root is Qaf-R-B and it means nearing or becoming near. ALQURBA means the nearness and in here mainly points to the relatives.
Waalyatama: and the orphans/ and the fatherless/ and the manless
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. LI means to and in here means belongs to. ALYATAMA is derived from the root Y-T-M and it means being alone. This word is used for the orphans because they lost their parent. It is also used for a woman who is alone without male support. Conceptually, it covers any dependant person who does not have clear human support amongst the known relatives of parenthood or marriage. YATAMA means orphans of/ lacking direct male support of.
Waalmasakeeni: and the poor
through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. LI means to and in here means belongs to. MASAKEEN is derived from the root S-K-N and it means Ashes which is the product of the end of the fire. The conceptual meaning has many forms and it means rest or lack of movement, but it also means the lack of energy or running out of energy. MASAKEEN are the people who cannot maneuver out of a tough situation and is used for the poor or powerless.
Waibni: and son of/ and child of
Alssabeeli: the path/ the traveler/ the stranger
Note: the root is S-B-L and it means and it means flowing water from the falling rain from the sky to the flowing water in the river and so forth. This is the concrete and the other uses are related as in path, which allows the flow, to soft flowing hair and so forth. SABEEL is the flowing water or the path of. It takes the meaning of path or even the trip on the path. IBNi ALASSABEEL is the stranger in the land who has no resources or who may need funds to go back home.
Kuntum: you (plural) happened to be/ were
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. KUNTUM is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (second person plural). This in turn means: you (plural) happened to be
Amantum: faithfull/ trusting/ attained safety
Note: the root is Hamza-M-N and it means safe or safety. AMANTUM is an action that is derived from the root and that is completed. It means: the action of making the object (not mentioned and therefore the subject and the object can be the same entity here) become safe happened by the subject (second person plural). So, it ends up meaning: you (plural) made youirselves safe but it can also extend to making safety and trust situation for others as well.
Note: BI signifies an attachment or close linkage between what is before and what is after it. In a Verbal sentence it can mean attachment to the action or to the subject as it does the action. This attachment can then signify many things according to the verb and to the sentence and so on. ALLAH is Allah
Wama: and what
Anzalna: We brought down/ made come down/
Note: the root is N-Z-L and it carries the meaning of arrival to stay and descent. One concrete meaning is the descent of the person from his or her horse or camel as they arrive at the place where they plan to stay. ANZALNA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of making the object (not declared) arrive or making it descend happened by the subject (first person plural).
AAala: upon
AAabdina: our slave/ our servant/ our humble one
Note: the root is Ain-B-D and it means slave or servant. The road that is MUABBAD is the road that is well trodden and made easy to walk or drive on and so on. Conceptually, aAABD is an entity that is easy to manage and does smooth sailing either by it’s own or by being subject to pressure from above. It is used for slave or servant or anyone who is humbled for love or devotion or by the sheer power of the other entity. AAaBDINA means our slave/ servant/ humble one
yawma: day when/ day of
Note: YAWMA is derived from the root Y-W-M and it means day. YAWMA means day of or day when.
alfurqani : the differentiation/ the separation
Note; the root is F-R-Qaf and it means separating apart or dispersing. ALFURQAN is the separation of things in categories and in this context carries the separation and differentiation between two groups.
yawma: day when/ day of
Note: YAWMA is derived from the root Y-W-M and it means day. YAWMA means day of or day when.
Iltaqa: met
Note; ILTAQA is derived from the root L-Qaf-Y and it means receiving as a concept which would be understood more specifically according to the sentence. Concrete uses of the word are a female that gets pregnant easily, therefore she received the sperm well. It is also used for the birds that hunt because they receive the prey easily and so forth. ILTAQA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of meeting face to face of the subjects happened.
Note: the root is J-M-Ain and it means gather the different parts together or putting things together. ALJAMAAaN means the two gatherings or the two groups here.
waAllahu: And Allah/ while Allah
AAala: upon/ on
Kulli: every/ each
Note: KULLI is derived from the root K-L-L and it means the parts put together. This is the concrete and it means all or every or each. It can also be extended conceptually to mean the parts surrounding an entity. KULLI means every, or each.
Shayin: entity/ thing
Note: the root is SH-Y-Hamza and it means entity. SHAYIN means entity. It is taken here to mean a thing or entity
qadeerun: capable/ limiting
Note: the root is Qaf-D-R and it means in concrete cooking the meat in the pot. Conceptually it takes the meaning of measuring, putting limits on an entity and capability to cover the exact need and task. QADEERUN means: an entity that puts limits, measures and is capable to perform accordingly. This takes the meaning of all capable in this context and this includes imposing limits.
Hussein
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